a | contracted form of ‘have’ |
admit | consent to keep company with, have to do with |
affection | have affection for, love |
afford | have to offer, be capable of supplying |
affy | have faith, place trust |
after-debt | unpaid bill after goods have been received, outstanding debt |
after-loss | later blow, knock given after others have been suffered |
ale | ale-house, tavern |
alone | leave it to [one], you can rely on [one] |
alone | pay no attention to [one], have nothing to do with [one] |
anatomy | body, cadaver, corpse |
Anchises | [an'kiyseez] father of Aeneas, who saves him from blazing Troy by carrying him out of the city on his shoulders |
antre | cave, cavern |
appear | present oneself as, have the character of |
araise | raise from the dead, awake from the grave |
Ariachne | [pron: ari'aknee] weaver from Lydia, who challenged Athene to a contest; when Ariachne’s work was seen to be superior, Athene destroyed it, and Ariachne hanged herself; Athene saved her, but changed her into a spider; also known as Arachne |
associate | companion, fellow-traveller |
assure | settle, convey, leave [to] |
astronomical | astrological, interpreting the heavens |
Atlas | giant, sentenced by Zeus to carry the heavens on his shoulders for taking part in the struggle against the gods |
ave | acclamation, ovation, welcoming shout |
Ave-Marie | [of a rosary] Hail Mary |
aver | provide, furnish, affirm |
avert | redirect, turn away |
avoid | leave, quit, clear out [of] |
axletree, axle-tree | pivot, spindle, axis [around which the heavenly bodies revolve] |
bare | shave, trim |
bate | omit, lose, leave out |
bate | except, omit, leave out of consideration |
bear | behave, look, conduct [oneself] |
bear | leave, sail away |
bear | be endowed with, have, possess |
beaver | visor of a helmet, face-guard |
bereave | take away [from], deprive, deny, rob |
bereave | plunder, ravage, devastate |
bereaved | deprived, robbed, stolen |
betake | resort, have recourse, commit oneself |
bethink | resolve, decide, have a mind |
better | excel, outstrip, have an advantage over |
beware | take care of, have a care for |
blow | feel the wind [we leave behind], run to keep up [with us] |
boggler | waverer, vacillator, mind-changer |
boldened | emboldened, made brave |
bondmaid | slave girl |
bondman | bondsman, serf, slave |
bondslave | slave, bondsman, person in a condition of servitude |
borne | behaved, conducted, mannered |
boughs | leaves, foliage |
boy | servant, slave, menial |
brave | fine, excellent, splendid, impressive |
brave | boast, bravado, blustering threat |
brave | challenge, defy, confront, provoke |
brave | defiant, insolent, impudent |
brave | audacious, daring, bold |
brave | make splendid, adorn, brighten up |
brave | swagger, act boastfully, show off |
brave | noble, worthy, excellent |
bravely | showily, with great display, with a fine flourish |
bravely | splendidly, worthily, excellently |
bravely | in fine clothes, splendidly dressed |
bravery | display, manifestation, extravagance |
bravery | finery, fine clothes, rich dress |
bravery | splendour, fine display, ostentation |
bravery | defiant character, threatening appearance |
bravery | bravado, show of daring, swaggering display |
breach | surf, breaking waves |
bring | rescue, save, deliver |
bring | tavern call for food and drink |
burial | grave, tomb, burial chamber |
bush | tavern sign-board, advertisement |
cabin | den, hole, cave |
can | be skilled [in], have ability [in] |
canker | grub that destroys plant buds and leaves, cankerworm, parasite |
carry it (away) | [from a falconry term ‘to fly away with the game’] win the day, have the advantage, succeed |
cave | live in caves |
cave-keeper | cave-dweller |
cave-keeping | cave-dwelling; living in darkness |
caveto | [summarizing a piece of advice] beware, take care |
cerements | waxed shroud, grave-clothes, winding sheet |
chance | what may have happened, conceivability, possibility |
changeling | waverer, turncoat, fickle thing |
character | inscribe, engrave, write |
cherubin | celestial being, heavenly beauty |
choose, cannot | have no alternative, cannot do otherwise |
civil | seemly, decent, well-behaved |
cleave | stick, adhere |
cleave the pin | [archery] split the peg in the middle of a target |
cleave to | cling to, adhere to, obey |
co-act | behave together, carry on |
coast | travel along the coast |
coistrel | groom, low fellow, knave |
colt | have sexual intercourse |
come | leave the field of combat, disengage |
come | come away, leave |
comfort | have pity on, console, relieve |
command | have at one's disposal, be entrusted with |
common | average, usual, general, ordinary |
common | commonplace, ordinary, average |
compass | go round with, travel about with; or: obtain, lay hold of |
compassion | have compassion on, pity, be sorry for |
concave | hollow, empty |
concave | hollowed out, overhanging |
concavity | concave quality, curvature, hollowness |
congee | take ceremonious leave of, pay formal respects upon departure |
conjunction | apparent coming together of heavenly bodies as seen from Earth |
cony-catching | rabbit-catching; trickery, evasion, knavery |
cope | encounter, face, have to do [with], come into contact [with] |
cope | sky, heavens, firmament |
coystrill | groom, low fellow, knave |
crave | wish to know, solicit |
crave | need, demand, require |
crave | beg, entreat, request |
craven | cowardly, spineless, weak-hearted |
craven | coward |
craven | make cowardly, make timorous |
craven | [cock-fighting] cock that shows no fighting spirit |
craver | beggar, asker, supplicant |
credit | believe, trust, have faith in |
Creon | [pron: 'krayon] king of Thebes who gave orders that any who died attacking Thebes should be left unburied |
crisp | rippling, undulating, curling with waves |
crop | bear a crop, have a child |
cub-drawn | drained of milk by cubs, ravenous |
cutter | carver, sculptor, engraver |
Daintry | Daventry, town W of Northampton |
dally | trifle, behave mockingly |
Daphne | nymph loved by Apollo; chased by the god, she was saved by being turned into a laurel, which became Apollo's sacred tree |
dead | deadly, dire, grave |
deal | proceed, behave, conduct oneself |
deal | have dealings, have to do |
death-bed | grave |
deboshed | debauched, corrupted, depraved |
deboysed | debauched, corrupted, depraved |
deep | deadly, grave, mortal |
delver | [grave]digger, excavator |
demean | behave, conduct, comport [oneself] |
demure | grave, serious, sober, solemn |
depart | departure, departing, leave-taking |
depart | separate, part company, take leave of one another |
depend | have consequences for, menace, hover over |
deprave | defame, disparage, deride |
depraved | slandered, disparaged, defamed |
diapason | harmony an octave below |
dine | have lunch |
discharge | dismissal, permission to leave |
discovery | exploration, travel |
disedge | take the edge off, have appetite satisfied |
dismission | discharge from service, permission to leave |
dispatch, despatch | dismissal, leave to go |
dispense | have done with, do away with, forgo |
display | act, behave, carry on |
distaste | dislike, not relish, be averse to |
distasteful | showing dislike, displaying aversion |
divide | share, participate, have a portion |
domestic | servant, slave |
dote | become deranged, behave foolishly |
doubt | suspect, have suspicions about, fear |
drave | drove [past tense of ‘drive’] |
drave | drove [past form of 'drive'] |
drudge | slave, serf, lackey |
ebbed | out-of-power, whose fortunes have waned |
element | air, sky, heavens |
Elysium | mythological location of heaven |
encave | hide away, conceal |
enfettered | placed in fetters, enchained, enslaved |
enjoy | possess, have, own |
enpatron | make a patron of, have under one's patronage |
ensheltered | within shelter, in a safe haven |
enskied | placed in heaven |
enthralled | enslaved, made captive |
entitle, intitle | have a rightful claim [to] |
entitule, intitule | have a rightful claim, furnish with a title |
et opus | and I have completed a work that neither the anger of Jove nor fire |
even | steady, steadfast, unwavering |
evitate | avoid, avert, get away from |
favour | pardon, leave, kind indulgence |
fazed | frayed, unravelled, tattered |
fetch | rescue, save, deliver |
flap-dragons | [game of bravado] snap-dragons: small burning objects floating on liquor, which have to be avoided while drinking; or: edible objects floating on burning liquor, to be seized and eaten |
fleet | [of souls] leave, pass away, fly off |
flood | sea, deep, waves, rushing water |
flote | sea, waves |
flourish | wave, brandish, shake about |
flow | move, travel, run |
fly | leave, run away [from], flee |
foot-landraker | roaming footpad, highwayman who travels on foot |
foragement | foraging act, scavenging |
forbear | leave alone, avoid, stay away [from] |
forbear | control oneself, have patience [for] |
forbear | withdraw, leave, give way |
foreknow | know in advance, have previous knowledge |
forget | behave inappropriately, lose sight of one's position |
forsake | leave, depart [from] |
furnish | endow, equip, have qualities |
give | cease, leave the area |
give | desert, leave, abandon |
give | cease, finish, leave off |
glance | touch, have an impact |
glib | smooth, suave, oily |
go | walk, travel on foot |
go | copulate, have sexual intercourse |
God-a-mercy | exclamation of thanks, applause, surprise, etc [God have mercy] |
gracious | good, virtuous, well-behaved |
grave | respected, revered, wise |
grave | entomb, bury, inter |
grave | important, dignified, serious |
grave | deadly, destructive, baneful |
grave | engrave, inscribe [in], cut into |
grave | (plural) greave, leg armour |
grave-beseeming | suitably dignified, sober-looking |
graved | furrowed, engraved [with lines] |
graved | graven, carved, engraved |
gravel | stones, deposits |
gravelled | perplexed, at a loss, stumped |
graven | engraved, inscribed, sculpted |
grievous | heavy, grave, serious |
ha | contracted form of ‘have’ |
hadst | 2nd person singular, past tense of 'have' |
halting | hesitation, wavering, faltering |
halting | wavering, dilatory, shifting |
hand | lay hands on, handle, have to do with |
hang | leave hold, stop clinging |
harbourage | shelter, refuge, haven |
Harfordwest | Haverfordwest; town in Pembrokeshire, SW Wales |
hast | 2nd person singular, present tense of 'have' |
hath | 3rd person singular, present tense of 'have' |
have | let's follow |
have | understand, grasp, comprehend |
have | [in expressions] |
have | I'll join you, I'll be with you |
have | [said at the start of a fencing attack or other confrontation] I come at, let me at [a person] |
have | let's face, let's see |
have | put an end to, stop |
have | let's try it, let's have a go at it |
have | take, convey; or: have to do [with] |
have | be given |
have | let's go at it, let's renew the fight |
have | thrust |
have | I'll move forward to, I'll go onwards to |
have | [to someone] expression initiating a mock-hostile exchange |
have | [said at the start of a confrontation or attack; more usually: have at] I come |
haven | harbour, port |
haver | possessor, holder, displayer |
heave | deep sigh, heaving [of the chest] |
heave | raise, lift up |
heave | throw, toss, cast |
heave | raise, lift up |
heaved-up | raised, lifted up |
heavenly | beautiful, delightful, sublime |
heavenly | divine, celestial |
heavens | [covering over the rear of a stage] sky |
heavens | powers above, will of heaven |
heavy | grave, serious, weighty |
Hector | son of Priam, married to Andromache; the bravest Trojan, who led out their army to battle |
Hecuba | wife of Priam, King of Troy, and mother of 18 children; after the Greeks took Troy, she saw her sons and her husband killed, and was sent into slavery. |
high-engendered | coming from the heavens, brought into being from above |
hoise | heave up, remove by force |
house | inn, tavern |
house | [astrology] heavenly domain [one of twelve divisions of the zodiac] |
hovering | wavering, hesitating, uncertain |
ill-weaved | poorly woven |
impress | imprint, engrave, stamp [as by a seal] |
indifferency | ordinariness, average character |
indifferent | average, ordinary, typical |
inevitable | unavoidable, unable to be averted |
insculp | carve, engrave |
insinuate | behave subtly, follow an indirect route |
integer | the one upright of life and unstained by crime does not need the javelins or the bow of the Moor |
interlace | insert, introduce, weave into a design |
intitle | have a rightful claim [to] |
Io | [pron: 'eeoh] daughter of river-god Inachus, loved by Zeus, who turned her into a heifer to save her from the jealousy of Zeus’ wife, Hera |
Jack | jack-in-office, ill-mannered fellow, lout, knave |
Jack-sauce | saucy knave, impudent fellow |
Jack-slave | knavish slave, villainous fellow |
journey-bated | weakened by travel, tired-out |
juggle | play conjuring tricks; have sex |
Jupiter, Jove | Roman supreme god; associated with the heavens and the weather, especially thunder and lightning; husband of Juno |
keep | play fair over, behave honourably over, have a proper regard to |
knave | boy, lad, fellow |
knave | scoundrel, rascal, rogue |
knave | servant, menial, lackey |
knavery | treachery, trap, trickery |
knavery | roguish trick, rouguery, trickery |
knavery | showy adornment, trumpery, ornamentation |
know | unravel, get to understand |
know | have sexual knowledge of, have intercourse with |
lack-lustre | sombre, solemn, grave |
lattice | lattice-work, criss-cross adornment; also: tavern symbol |
lave | wash, bathe, soak |
leave | cease, stop, give up |
leave | pass by, go past |
leave | abandon, forsake, relinquish |
leave | leave-taking, permission to depart |
leave | give up, abandon, leave alone |
leave | part with, lose, forsake |
leave | permitting, allowance, availability |
leave | spare, leave alive |
leave | break off, stop, interrupt oneself |
leave | [in discourse expressions] permission |
leaven | [baking] fermenting element, infusing mixture, adulteration |
leavened | carefully considered, well-thought-out |
leavening | process of fermentation in dough |
let | leave it to [one], you can rely on [one] |
leve | Scottish pronunciation of 'leave' |
level | aim for, have as a target |
liberty | permission, leave, consent |
limbo patrum | limbo [temporary home of departed spirits between heaven and hell] of the fathers: gaol, imprisonment |
loop | loophole, opening, avenue |
Machiavel | [pron: 'machiavel] master of intrigue, political schemer; Machiavelli was a 16th-c Italian political theorist |
madcap | reckless, impulsive, wildly behaved |
magni | master of the great heavens, do you so calmly hear crimes, so calmly see them |
mail | wallet, pouch, travel bag |
make | do, have to do |
manly | heroically, bravely, gallantly |
martial | warlike, valiant, brave |
master | own, possess, have at one's disposal |
mean | intend for, have in mind for |
mean | average, moderate, middling |
measure | pass through, travel over, traverse |
measure | retrace, travel back, cover the distance |
mend | amend, save [in emphatic expressions] |
middle earth | earth, seen as midway between heaven and hell |
mind | intend, have a mind |
misdemean | behave improperly, misconduct |
misdoubt | distrust, suspect, have misgivings about |
misgive | have misgivings, have a bad feeling |
mishaved | badly behaved |
misthink | think ill of, have a bad opinion about |
mountebank | itinerant quack, travelling drug-seller, charlatan |
nave | navel |
nave | [of wheels] hub, pivot |
navel | very heart, nerve centre |
necessaries | travelling necessities, personal luggage |
Nero | [pron: 'neeroh] Roman emperor, 1st-c, who slew his mother, Agrippina; said to have played on his lute while watching Rome burn; considered a model of cruelty |
Nessus | centaur, shot by Hercules for attempting to rape Deianeira; Nessus gave her a poisonous liquid disguised as a love-potion, causing Hercules' death when he wore a shirt dipped in it |
Nicholas, Saint | in Christian tradition, the patron saint of travellers and scholars |
none of you, will | have nothing to do with |
oak | crown of oak leaves [awarded to a victorious soldier] |
occupy | fornicate, have sexual dealings [with] |
orb | sphere, planet, star, heavenly body |
outbrave | surpass in bravery, outdo in daring |
outbrave | outdo in beauty, excel in splendour |
outdare | overcome by daring, outbrave |
outdared | overcome by daring, cowed, outbraved; or: excessively daring, brazen, unabashed |
outparamour | have more lovers than |
overgo | travel through, pass over, traverse |
overleaven | leaven too much, pervade, imbue to excess |
owe | have in store for, hold towards |
owe | own, possess, have |
part | depart [from], leave, quit |
part | cleave, break, tear |
part | depart, leave |
parting | departure, leave-taking, setting out |
pass | pass through, traverse |
passage | journey, travelling, wandering |
passenger | wayfarer, traveller, passer-by |
passport | licence given to an inmate of an institution to travel abroad as a beggar |
patch | fool, clown; rogue, knave |
patchery | roguery, knavery, tricks |
patience | leave, permission, indulgence |
paved | with a paved base, pebbled |
pavement | paved surface, thoroughfare |
peace-parted | who have departed this life in peace |
peeled | tonsured, shaven, bald |
pent | confined without food, ravenous |
pertain | belong, have a right |
phantasime | one full of fancies, extravagantly behaved individual |
possess | have your way, go for it |
poster | fast traveller, speedy rover |
prave | Welsh pronunciation of 'brave' |
prevail | succeed in seduction, have one's way [in a sexual encounter] |
prince | behave like a prince, act royally |
prived | bereaved, deprived of loved ones |
proceed | behave, pursue a course, conduct oneself |
proh | [Latin] O God! Heaven help me! |
Prometheus | one of the Titan gods, who stole fire from heaven to help mankind, and was punished by being chained to a rock |
promise | have an engagement elsewhere |
propend | incline, be disposed, have a propensity |
proud | courageous, valiant, brave |
pur | [debated meaning] knave in a type of card game [post and pair] |
put | go to work, have sex |
put | set out [from], leave |
put | keep away, avert, evade |
puttock | kite; greedy scavenger |
Qu'ai-je | what have I forgotten? |
quit | avenge, requite, take vengeance [on] |
rage | rave, show signs of madness |
rail | rant, rave, be abusive [about] |
ravel | unravel, disentangle, make clear |
ravel | become entangled, get confused |
ravelled | tangled, confused, jumbled up |
raven | feed ravenously on, devour voraciously |
raven | feed ravenously on, devour voraciously |
ravenous | rapacious, predatory, insatiable |
ravin | gobble ravenously, devour voraciously |
ravin | ravenous, starving, devouring |
reave | rob, deprive |
recreant | cowardly, faint-hearted, craven |
red-lattice | [sign of a] tavern, ale-house |
reel | waver, become unsteady, turn suddenly |
reft | past form of 'reave' |
region | air, sky, heavens |
reign | have power, exercise influence |
relish | have a flavour [of], taste, savour |
rendezvous | refuge, retreat, haven |
requite | avenge, pay back, take vengeance on |
respect | scruple about, have qualms about |
respect | value, have regard for, prize |
respite | save, prolong, grant |
restore | have one's titles returned, reinstate |
rift | split, cleave, rend apart |
rive | split, rend, cleave |
road | period of travel, stage |
roarer | roaring wave, thundering breaker |
rondure | roundness; sphere of the earth and the accompanying heavens |
run | follow a course, behave |
sa' | Irish pronunciation of 'save' |
sad | serious, grave, solemn |
sad-eyed, sad-faced | grave-looking |
sadly | seriously, gravely, solemnly |
sage | solemn, grave, dignified |
sainted | made a saint, from heaven |
save | protect, make safe |
save | prevent, avoid, avert |
save | keep, preserve, maintain |
save | except |
save | except (that), were it not that |
save | spare, allow to live |
save | preserve from damnation, bring salvation to [in emphatic expressions] |
score | tavern bill, alehouse tally |
seasick | weary of sea travel, tired of voyaging |
seem | have the look [of], give the appearance [of] |
servile | as a prisoner, as a slave |
servile | befitting a slave, slavish, cringing |
servility | slavery, servitude, captivity |
share | take, receive, have [as one's share] |
sheaved | made of straw; gathered up like a sheaf |
shorten | omit, ignore, leave out |
shot | tavern bill, reckoning |
shuffle | behave evasively, act shiftily |
Sibyl | priestess inspired by Apollo, her prophecies being written on leaves; Apollo granted her as many years of life as she could hold grains of sand in her hand |
simple | common, ordinary, average, humble |
sir-reverence | save your reverence |
sky-planted | from a heavenly location, positioned in the skies |
slave | fellow, rascal, rogue, villain |
slave | enslave, bring into subjection |
slave | hireling, lackey, menial, servant |
sleave | [of silk] strands, threads, skein |
sleave-silk | silk thread for embroidery |
slip | let go, allow to leave, unleash |
slip | leave unasserted, pass over |
slip | let go of, allow to leave, unleash |
smack | have a taste, like the flavour |
smack | have an air, have a flavour |
so | average, middling, so-so |
sober | sedate, staid, demure, grave |
sojourn | travel, journey, go to stay |
sore | serious, grievous, grave |
speed | travel speedily, make a hasty expedition |
sphere | celestial globe in which a heavenly body was thought to move, orbit |
sphere | place in the heavens |
sphere | place in the heavens |
sphery | star-like, heavenly, celestial |
staff | (plural ‘staves’) spear, lance |
stagger | hesitate, waver, vacillate |
stave | staff, rod |
steel | engrave, inscribe, make a permanent image of |
stelled | starry, stellar, heavenly |
stiff | grave, formidable, weighty |
stir | move about, go, travel |
stout | brave, valiant, resolute |
strain | have difficulty in accepting, have a problem with |
strewment | strewn flowers [on a grave] |
strike | have an evil influence, do harm |
sup | have supper |
supernal | celestial, heavenly, divine |
surcease | cease, stop, leave off |
surge | heavy wave, violent sea |
sustain | take up a position, have a place |
swagger | quarrel, squabble, behave in an insolent way |
sympathize | resemble, be like, have an affinity with |
sympathized | in which all have shared, consisting of corresponding elements |
tainted | corrupted, dishonourable, depraved |
take | behave, act; or: rage, rant |
take | have recourse to, take oneself off to |
tall | brave, valiant, bold |
tantaene | is there so much anger in heavenly minds? |
taphouse | ale-house, tavern |
teem | give birth, have a child |
text | engrave, write, inscribe |
thrall | slave, subject, captive |
thrall | enslave, make captive |
thrall | captive, enslaved, subject |
thralled | enslaved, imprisoned, held in bondage |
thrive | be successful, have good fortune |
thwart | cross, traverse, go over |
tire | feed greedily, prey ravenously |
tottering | wavering, vacillating, fluctuating |
toy | foolish dislike, silly aversion |
trace | range over, pass through, traverse |
travail | journeying, travel [often overlapping with the sense of 'labour'] |
travail | labour, effort, exertion [often overlapping with the sense of 'travel'] |
travail | labour, make an effort, work hard [for] [often overlapping with the sense of 'travel'] |
travail | travel, journey [often overlapping with the sense of 'labour'] |
travel-tainted | travel-stained |
traverse | crosswise, transversely |
traverse | [fencing] pierce, stab, run through |
traverse | [unclear meaning] take aim, about turn |
traversed | placed crosswise, laid across the shoulders |
trenched | cut, carved, engraved |
trim | glib, suave, slick |
Troyan | fellow, knave |
truant | rogue, knave, rascal |
trudge | go away, depart, leave |
true-fixed | firmly established, immovable, unwavering |
tumble | have sexual intercourse with |
undertake | take charge of, have responsibility for |
undo | unravel, solve, explain |
unfathered | have one's legitimacy rejected, become fatherless |
ungravely | derisively, displaying ridicule |
unknit | untie, undo, unravel |
unpathed | uncharted, unexplored, untravelled |
unpaved | without stones [testicles], castrated |
untrod | unprecedented, untraversed |
upheave | raise, lift up |
uprouse | arouse, get up, leave one's bed |
use | present, conduct, behave |
vanish | leave, depart from, be expelled |
varlet | knave, rogue, rascal, ruffian |
vassal | wretch, creature, slave |
vassal | servant, slave, subject |
vaultage | vault, cavern, chamber |
vaulty | empty, cavernous, sepulchral |
venge | avenge, revenge |
vicious | caused by vice, immoral, depraved |
victualler | inn-keeper, tavern-owner |
villain-slave | villainous wretch |
virtue | courage, valour, bravery |
void | leave, withdraw, quit |
vulture | ravenous, devouring, rapacious |
waft | beckon, wave [at], signal |
wanton | cruelly irresponsible, badly behaved |
wave | waver, vacillate, alternate |
wave | move up and down, incline |
wavering | inconstant, fickle, capricious |
wear | possess, enjoy, have |
wear | have, experience |
weaved-up | woven together, intertwined |
wedge | cleave, split [as with a wedge] |
weigh | weigh anchor, heave up the anchor |
welkin | sky, firmament, heavens |
welkin | heavenly blue |
willow | made of leaves from the willow tree [a symbol of the grief felt by a deserted or unrequited lover] |
windy | windward, situated towards the wind [so that scent will travel away from the follower] |
wing | furnish with troops, have a wing protected [by] |
wolvish-ravening | devouring like a wolf |
woman | make behave like a woman, weep |
womby | womb-like, hollow, cavernous |
work | act, behave, conduct oneself |
written | preserved, engraved, fixed |
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